Karthigai Deepam, also known as Karthika Deepam, is an ancient Hindu festival celebrated primarily in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and also Karnataka. The festival holds significant religious and cultural importance, particularly among Tamil communities. It usually occurs in the Tamil month of Karthigai (November-December) on the day of the full moon when the star Krittika is in the ascendant.

The history of such a traditional festival and its cultural significance can also be seen in this post:

One of the most famous Puranas associated with the Karthika Deepa is centered around Shiva. According to legend, Lord Shiva appeared as an endless pillar of light (Agni) when Vishnu and Brahma had an argument over who was superior.

To solve this, Lord Shiva appeared as a vast, flaming pillar and challenged them to find its beginning and end. This flame symbolizes the transcendental and infinite power of Shiva. The Kartika Deepam recalls this divine light of Shiva.

Another legend ties the festival to Lord Murugan, who is believed to have been born from six sparks from Lord Shiva’s third eye. These sparks became the six-faced god, and thus, Karthigai Deepam is also celebrated as a time to honor Murugan, known as the god of war and victory.

Another significant story is that of the demon Surapadman, who was vanquished by Lord Murugan. This victory is celebrated through the lighting of lamps, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil.

Lighting of Lamps: 

During Karthigai Deepam, homes are decorated with rows of oil lamps. It is believed that lighting these lamps brings prosperity and wards off evil. The lamps are traditionally lit in earthenware holders and placed around the home, in doorways, and even on rooftops.

The grandest celebration occurs at the Arunachaleswarar Temple in Tiruvannamalai. A huge fire is lit atop the Arunachala hill, symbolizing the flame form of Lord Shiva. This beacon, visible for miles, draws thousands of devotees. The lighting of this "Mahadeepam" (great lamp) signifies Shiva’s omnipresence and his infinite nature.

Karthigai Dheepam is celebrated on the full moon day of the Karthigai month, with the main festivities often taking place in temples and homes. Devotees light lamps made of clay or other materials, decorating their homes and temples with them.

In this festival typically includes rituals such as abhishekam (ritual bathing) of deities, recitation of sacred texts, and community feasts. Many devotees also observe fasting, particularly abstaining from non-vegetarian food.

Karthigai Dheepam is not only a religious festival but also a celebration of Tamil culture and tradition. It underscores the values of light, hope, and the victory of good over evil. The festival continues to thrive in contemporary times, maintaining its historical significance and cultural relevance among Tamil communities worldwide.