The Nobel Prize is awarded every year by the  Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Dakarolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and institutions who have made unique contributions in the fields  Academy of Sciences awards the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Physics, Economics and Chemistry, Karolinska Institute in the field of medicine, in the field of peace. Each award winner is awarded a medal, a diploma, a monetary award. In the year 1901, the first Nobel Prize winner was given 150,782 Swedish krones as a prize, which is equivalent to 7,731,004 Swedish krones as of 2007. In the year 2008, the winners were awarded 10,000,000 Swedish krona in the prize. The award is presented at a ceremony held on 10 December in Stockholm. Alfred Nobel died on 10 December. As of 2008, 789 people and 20 institutions have been awarded the Nobel Prize, including 62 awardees in economics. Four Nobel Prize winners were not allowed to accept the award by their governments. Adolf Hitler took the three Germans, Richard Kuhn (chemistry, 1938), Adolf Buttenant (chemistry, 1939), and Garhard Domagk (medicine, 1939), and the government of the Soviet Union for not taking the award to Boris Pastarnak (Literature, 1958) Screwed up. Two Nobel laureates Jean-Paul Sartre (Sahitya, 1964) and Le Duc Tho (Shanti, 1973) refused to take the award. Lee Duck if Sartre refused to take any official honors Tho refused the award due to poor conditions in Vietnam. The six winners won the Nobel Prize more than once. Among them, the International Committee of the Red Cross Society won the Nobel Peace Prize thrice, more than any other. There are 359 Nobel laureates, including 35 women. The first female Nobel Prize winner was Marie Curie, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. The awards were not given in the years 1940 and 1942 due to the Second World War.

He is the co-founder and co-director of Abdul Latif Jamil Poverty Action Lab. His research focuses on microeconomic issues in developing countries, including domestic behavior, education, access to finance, health, and policy evaluation.

Esther Duflo was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2019, along with two of her co-researchers Abhijeet Banerjee and Michael Kramer for "their experimental approach to reducing global poverty". Dufflow is the youngest person and the second woman to win the award.