Photovoltaic System: A photovoltaic system or solar power system also known as a solar PV system is a type of power system which is designed to supply electric power from solar power using photovoltaics. 

The system consists of an arrangement of several components which includes:

1.  Solar panels which absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a controller, or battery bank. 

2. A solar inverter to convert the output from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) is used to power all of the appliances in the home.

3. Lastly, mounting as well as cabling and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. The stored electricity is stored with grids to the battery.

• A single photovoltaic material device is called a cell or solar cell. 
• A single PV cell is generally very small, and typically produces about 1 or 2 watts of power. 
• These cells are made up of different semiconductor materials and more or less have the thickness of 4 human hairs.
• To resist the outdoors for much longer years, the cells are sandwiched between material with a mix of glass or plastics. 

• For boosting the power output of PV cells, they are connected in chains to form large units known as modules or panels. 
• The modules can be used individually, or many can be connected to form arrays.
• One or more arrays are then connected electrically grid to form a larger complete PV system.
• PV modules or arrays are only part of a PV system. 
• Due to this modular structure, the PV system can be built to satisfy nearly any electric power requirement small or wide.
• Solar photovoltaic cells are usually made from silicon wafers. 
• The solar PV system is low maintenance, low life, low carbon emitted, reliable system, and cost-effective, money-saving. 
• PV systems are mostly on roofs, ground surfaces, parking slots or exterior corridors, near the wall, etc
• There are mainly three types of Solar PV systems:

1. Grid-connected or Utility-interactive systems
2. Stand-alone Systems
3. Hybrid Systems 

The largest PV systems are situated in California and produce power for utilities to supply power to their consumers. The Solar Star PV power station generally generates 579 megawatts of electricity, on other hand, the Desert Sunlight Solar Farm and the Topaz Solar Farm of them generate 550 megawatts of electricity in California. 

Applications of Solar PV System 

• PV system produces a suitable amount of solar energy for remote areas (colder or more temperature) with no electricity source.
• PV systems are used to supply electricity for telecommunication repeater stations, solar water heaters, water pumps, marine aids, laptops & computers, parking meters, residences and parks in remote regions, street lights, and regions that have a supply of infrequent power. 

The solar PV system is a clean source and energy independent, air and water pollution-free, limitless sunlight which creates free solar energy and mainly it's renewable. The major drawback of solar PV systems is that, they are weather-dependent, storage is expensive, and more space utilization is needed. 

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