James Webb Space Telescope has spotted a 30 billion light years away galaxy cluster.Galaxy clusters are the largest objects in the universe that are held together by their own gravity. They contain hundreds or thousands of galaxies, lots of hot plasma, and a large amount of invisible dark matter.  

Earlier Hubble Space Telescope spotted the seven clump but it was not clear that they were truly bound together. At the California University Takahiro Moroshito and his colleagues uses JWST's spectrometer to measure the redshift of these galaxies.Redshift is an increase in the wavelength and deacrease in the frequency. It is a phenomenon caused by the expansion of the universe.

The National Institute for Astrophysics in Italy's Benedetta Vulcani said in a statement that "we can see these distant galaxies like small drops of water in different rivers, and we can see that eventually they will all become part of one big, mighty river." According to the researchers' simulations, this proto-cluster may currently rank among the largest clusters in the cosmos.

In contrast to the Hubble Space Telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope circles the Sun 1.5 million kilometres (1 million miles) from the Earth at a location known as the second Lagrange point, or L2. The Lagrange points are equilibrium locations for small-mass objects under the influence of two giant orbiting entities in celestial mechanics. This requires the resolution of the constrained three-body problem in mathematics.

The L2 point lies on the line through the two large masses beyond the smaller of the two. Here, the gravitational forces of the two large masses balance the centrifugal effect on a body at L2. On the opposite side of Earth from the Sun, the orbital period of an object would normally be greater than Earth's.

The James Webb Space telescope observes these galaxies as they were roughly 650 million years after the big bang because light takes time to travel from distant objects to the telescope's position circling the sun. The proto-cluster seems little as we view it now.

The Hyperion proto-supercluster is the biggest and earliest known proto-supercluster, multiple times the mass of the Smooth Way and seen at 20% of the ongoing age of the universe. By analyzing the redshifts of 10,000 objects observed by the Very Large Telescope in Chile, it was discovered in 2018.

 However, if its light could instantly reach us and show us what it looks like right now, it would most likely be enormous since it would have gravitationally drawn in thousands of other galaxies.