Today ,I am over the moon because the topic which I share you is my favorite.

So, when we talk about the Indian architecture, sculpture and pottery.

·     Firstly ,We should know about the difference between architecture and sculpture.

1. SIZE AND SCOPE 

·     Architecture- It is the art of designing and construction of buildings.

·     Sculpture- It is the art of designing 3D figures.

2. MATERIAL USED

·     Architecture- Different types of material are used in architectures like stone, wood,Glass, metal, sand etc.

·     Sculpture- In sculpture only single material is used.

3. PRINCIPLE

·     Architecture-In architecture We require engineering skills because of accurate measurement is very important. Example : - Taj Mahal,  konerko temple.

·     Sculpture- in Sculpture engineering skill not necessary. Example:- Bronze dancing girl off Mohenjo-Daro , Natraj idol.

We classify Indian architecture and sculpture into five types:

1.           Indus Valley civilization

2.           Buddhist Architecture and sculpture during Mauryan period.

3.           Temple architecture( in Gupta age sculpture and South Indian art).

4.           Indo- Islamic Architecture and Medieval India.

5.           Modern architecture and sculpture.     

   INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION   ARCHITECTURE

·   It is totally indigenous art. There is no influence of outsiders .

But it is different from ancient and medieval architecture.

·   Totally concentration on utility factor rather than artistic factor because they are traders and traders only focus on utility factor.

1.          TOWN PLANNING

·   In 3rd millennium BC , A flourishing civilization emerged on the Bank of  indus river.

·   They had have walled cities for security.

·   There is no evidence of temples or any religious structures.

·   Burnt brick was widely used.

Roads were wide and cut each other at right angles.

·   There was existence of assembly halls, workshops, hostels for Traders, and marketplace.

Cities divided into 2 parts:

·   CITADEL- Citadel was the residents of the rulers. All facilities available in Citadel. Like – Granaries .

·   LOWER TOWN- It is non -Citadel and lower part for common people .

2.          HOUSES

·   Built by burnt Mud bricks.

·   They all were same size and use of stone and wood.

·   Most houses building have private wells And bathrooms .

·   Some of houses have stairs which indicates They might have been double storey.

3.          PUBLIC BATH

·   There is evidence of Tank like Structure with stairs And small rooms along with the bath Which indicate the importances of ritual Bathing

·   Example:- The great bath of mohenjo- daro And it is is still functional, there are no cracks or leakage which shows the engineering skills of the harrapa civilization.

4.          GRANARIES

·   Found in Citadel for storage of grains and protecting them from pests.

5.          DRAINAGE SYSTEM

·   The amazing feature of Indus Valley civilization is there advanced drainage system. It almost like modern system.

·   Temporarily covered drains To the purpose of regular cleaning and maintenance.

6.          DOCKYARD IN LOTHAL – Gujrat

·   The dock, With the canal opening to allow water to flow into the River, thereby maintaining a stable water level.

  INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION SCULPTURES

1.          SEALS

·   Mostly we found square shape seals but triangle or rectangular or circular seals were also used.

·   Copper , steatite ( a soft river stone)  and terracotta  material is used for make seals.

·   Animal impression in seals with common animal motifs.

·   Most seals have inscriptions which are not desipher yet .the script written from right to left.

·   Example of seal:- Pashupati seals, unicorn seal.

2.          TERRACOTTA SCULPTURE

·   Used for making toys , Animal figure and wheels.

·   Example:- Mother goddess sculpture found in Mohanjo-daro

  3.       BRONZE SCULPTURE

·   The technique which used to make bronze sculptures was “ Lost wax method “.

·   Example:- Dancing girl bronze sculpture found in mohenjodaro. The sculpture is world’s Oldest bronze sculpture.

4.          STONE SCULPTURE

·   Example:- Bearded priest was Found in mohenjodaro.

·   Male Torso – found in harrapa.

                        POTTERY

   2 types of Pottery found at excavation sites.

·   Plain pottery – used for household purposes By comman men.

·   Painted pottery -  is known as “ red and black pottery".

I will take Next classification of Indian architecture and sculpture in next article

Hope u like it.

Thank you.