The Grand Canyon's sharp edges were sculpted by the Colorado River in Arizona, United StateS. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long and up to 18 miles (29 km) broad, with a maximum depth of more than a mile (6,093 feet or 1,857 meters). 

The areas that contain the canyon and its rim are governed by Grand Canyon National Park, Kaibab National Forest, Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument, Hualapai Indian Reservation, Havasupai Indian Reservation, and Navajo Nation. The surrounding area is included in the Ancestral Footprints, Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni, of the Grand Canyon National Monument. President Theodore Roosevelt was a fervent advocate for the preservation of the Grand Canyon region, having visited it on numerous occasions for hunting and beautiful scenery.

As the Colorado Plateau was raised, the Colorado River and its tributaries carved their paths through successive layers of rock, revealing more than two billion years of Earth's geological past.Although there is considerable disagreement among geologists regarding the historical background of the canyon's incision, several recent investigations support the hypothesis that the Colorado River initially carved out its course through the area between 5 and 6 million years ago.Since then, the Colorado River has pushed back the cliffs and caused the streams to descend, which has resulted in the canyon getting bigger and deeper all at once.

For thousands of years, Native Americans have continuously resided in this area. They built villages inside the many caves that make up the canyon. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon to be a sacred site, so they made pilgrimages there. GarcIa LOpez de Cardenas, a Spanish explorer, is recognized as the first European to witness the Grand Canyon, having visited it in 1540.

The Grand Canyon and the Colorado River basin are products of the last 70 million years of evolution. For over 150 years experts have gathered data, proposed new theories, and engaged in sometimes contentious debate regarding the geologic origins of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River. It's possible that a complex history involving the interaction of multiple geologic processes and variables at different times and places led to the formation of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River.

Between 100,000 and 3 million years ago, the area was completely blocked from the river by ash and lava flows caused by volcanic activity. These volcanic formations are the oldest rocks in the canyon.

The Grand Canyon is home to one of the most notable examples of the global geological phenomenon known as the Great Unconformity, which is caused by the strata of 250 million years old layered on top of rocks that are 1.2 billion years old. It is still unknown what happened for the majority of the hundreds of millions of years that separated.

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