And historical sources such as the Ebers Papyrus (1500 BCE) and the Edwin Smith Papyrus (1500 BCE) confirm that the Egyptians had significant expertise in fracture surgery. Like the Egyptians, the Mesopotamians had some expertise in fracture surgery as evidenced by the Code of Hammurabi, 1772 BCE; World's first written legislation. In general, it can be known through cave paintings that are discovered from time to time that fracture surgery has been in practice since ancient times all over the world.

BC in any corner of the world. Until the eighth century (800 BCE) there is no history of successful surgery other than bone fracture and dental surgery. Moreover, the fact is that no one has the courage and technology to operate on any other organ in a living human body. In this case, how to cure the affected parts of the body that cannot be cured by drugs through surgery without causing death, and for that, how to make incisions in the body and sew it up and then how to sew the torn body back up, explained to the world for the first time with clear instructions, the Indian named Sushruta (800 BCE) If you are an Ayurveda doctor (Ayurveda, traditional Indian medicine) you will be surprised, not only that he has more than 300 methods of surgery with great precision. Can you believe it, my friends, if he said as early as the eighth century (800 BCE), ..?

BC at Banaras in the Varanasi district of the present state of Uttar Pradesh. Eighth century Ayurvedic physician Susruta was the first in the world to develop a clear theory of surgery on the human body. And it was Sushruta who was the first to give a clear indication of the shape of the surgical instruments used for each operation. Imagine his medical prowess if he had successfully performed more than 300 surgeries using more than 120 surgical instruments made from animal bones by 800 BCE.

Susruta cured more than 1120 diseases using more than 700 herbs. During his lifetime, the punishment of criminals was the practice of cutting off the nose. When people who had their noses cut off came to him for treatment, he cut the flesh from another part of the body and drove it over the nose and reconstructed the nose. It is noteworthy that this type of treatment, called Rhinoplasty, was later transformed into Plastic Surgery. Gasparo Tagliacozzi (Gasparo Tagliacozzi, 1546 – ​​1599) from Italy, who was the main reason for plastic surgery to reach a new evolution, learned about plastic surgery through the book Susruta Samhita.