There are some signs that our body tries to express outside through our nails, eyes, skin, tongue, etc. as a result of some internal deficiencies or diseases Today  we can see some of the signs that are expressing through nails. Early understanding and diagnosing of such signs will help us to treat the disease as early as possible without entering into further complications.

Nail plate - the hard part, which we normally  call as nail. made up of protien, alpha- keratin.

Lanula - White small dome shaped part at the base of brain.

Cuticle - thin layer of skin at the base of nail

Matrix - Part under the nail bed where, new nail cells are developing.

Nail edge - The outward end of nail.

Nail wall - tissues on the sides of nail.

NAIL CHANGES AND PROBABLE CAUSE

PALE NAILS 

Nails becomes pale in colour mainly when there is less blood circulation.

anemia, coldness, etc. can be the cause. Managing anemia and coldness can bring back nail colour into normal.

CYANOSIS

It is the bluish discoloration of nail due to lack of oxygen in the blood circulation, or due to more impure blood in the circulation. Cyanosis also can be visible in skin, lips, etc in extreme conditions.

It can occur due to coldness, COPD, ARDS, asthma, pneumonia,  congenital heart failure , etc.

YELLOW NAIL .

It is characterised by yellow finger and toe nails. Yellowish discoloration of skin and mucus membrane can be also seen in

it can be seen in , jaundice, liver cirrhosis, etc.

yellow nail syndrome - yellow finger and toe nails with clubbing of nails and brittleness, and also with edema of finger, ankle and face and some infections.

CLUBBING

It is the swelling of nail bed, and appearance of nails like and upside down spoon.

It can be due to - familial, or lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, pulmonary TB, congenital heart disease,

KOILONYCHIA

They are spoon shaped nails. It is due to thinning and softening of nail.

Occurs mainly due to iron deficiency anemia, porphyria, ischemic heart disease, syphilis, Raynaud's syndrome.

TERRY'S NAILS

Nail become entirely white except for a small band of pink at the tip

occurs naturally by aging and with diseases like, anemia, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, congestive heart failure.

PITTING ON NAILS.

This kind of nails can be seen in psoriatic skin diseases.

Early intervention and management can be helpful in treating.

BRITTLE NAILS.

Easy breakage of nails.

Occur naturally by aging and in diseases like iron deficiency anemia, hypothyroidism, Ranaud's diseases. Excess use of detergents, cleaners and nail polish removers also cause this.

PLUMMER NAILS

Seperation of nail from nailbed.( rat bitten nail)

occurs in thyrotoxicosis, psoriasis, traumatic injury, allergic dermatitis, etc. 

LINDSAY'S NAILS.

Half white and half red nails.

It occurs in chronic anemias and kidney failure.

BEAU'S LINE

Transvers ridges on the nail plate, due to temporary alteration of nail growth.

Occurs due to acute febrile illness, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, child birth, drug reaction, etc.

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