Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis that has symptoms of patients who has infected with smallpox.The first recent case was detected on 6 May 2022 in an individual and emerged as the most important orthopoxvirus for public health. Monkeypox virus was originated from the Central and western regions of Africa. Monkeypox has been found in certain rodents and primates other than monkeys in Africa.
The increasing number of cases where are reported in several countries and regions including Europe America Asia Africa and in oceania from 8 may onwards. On 23 July,the director general of World Health Organisation, Tedros Adhenom Ghabreyesus declared the outbreak of monkeypox as a public health emergency which needs international concern.
Monkeypox has an incubation period usually range from one or two weeks but can range up to four weeks. The initial period is characterized by fever,back pain, muscle aches,intense headache, lymphedenopathy and lack of energy. Followed by fever rashes appears on the faces and extremities which mainly affects palms of the hands, face and the soles of the feet. In current outbreak some people may only have single lesion in the mouth or on the genital and makes it hard to transform from the other infections. The disease can spread through direct contact of an infected person by touching on the body fluids or the rashes . Even the fabrics used by the infected person can spread this virus. According to World Health Organisation(WHO) the reported cases "have involved mainly but not exclusively, men who have wex with men".
The lesion sample from skin are taken for the optimal diagnostics of monkeypox. The sensitive and accurate test results of monkeypox is given by  Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR). This method is widely used in Laboratories for the diagnosis of monkeypox.Detection methods like antigen and antibody  are not recommended for the diagnosis of monkeypox as the orthopoxviruses are serologically cross-reactive.
Specific treatment for monkeypox discovered is not discovered yet. But smallpox(MVA) vaccine should give a good level of protection against monkeypox since the monkeypox virus is similar to smallpox virus.
Researchers suspects that the virus spread through sexual activity in 95% of infected people during the global outbreak of 2022.As the monkeypox is a zoonosis virus,animals with this infection can pass the virus through human by their bite or scratch.Monkeypox virus can also spread by the intake of uncooked meat contaminated with virus.Pregnent and breast feeding ladies can spread the virus through placenta and milk to babies.
Like the one caused by coronavirus, monkeypox hasn't been declared as pandemic. Also monkeypox does not spread as fast as coronavirus. Several cases of death caused by monkeypox has been reported in these days.
In India, the first death caused by monkeypox is reported in Kerala on 1 August.The infected person is a 22 year old male and hasn't showed the common symptoms of monkeypox.