Technology for Infrared Touch Screens
An Examining The foundation of infrared touchscreen technology is the blocking of infrared light on the display. The panel is made up of a variety of photo transistors and infrared LEDs that are arranged on the opposing sides.

A grid of infrared light beams is formed on the front of the screen using this setup. The sensors can identify the point of touch as the light interruption when a finger is placed on the screen.

Advantages:

Almost any device, including a finger or a stylus, can be used for touch input.
Among all touchscreen technologies, infrared touch screen technology has the best clarity.
It is not harmed by surface abrasion.

Disadvantages:

Before the finger (or stylus) even contacts the screen, there is a potential that the screen will respond.
The laser beam can malfunction if it cannot pass due to debris, oil, etc.
pricier than other technology.
Its performance may be affected by ambient light.

Technology for Acoustic Wave Touch Screens
One of the most cutting-edge touch screen technologies is the acoustic wave touchscreen. The principle behind this technique is to transmit sound waves via a glass panel.

The panel in this technology is made up of several piezoelectric transducers and receivers that are arranged along its sides. The component of the sound wave that is absorbed when a human finger contacts the screen enables the transducer to locate the point of contact.

Technologies using acoustic waves come in two varieties. As follows:

Technology for Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreens and Guided Acoustic Wave Touchscreens 

Advantages:

Acoustic wave technology is extremely robust because it only has a glass panel and no additional layers or coatings, similar to infrared technology.
Acoustic wave screens can be utilised with fingers, a stylus, or gloved hands.
resistant against scratches.

Disadvantages:

Water could be a concern and lead to erroneous triggering.
Unidentified zones on the screen might be produced by contaminants like moisture and dust.

Technology for Touch Screen Near Field Imaging
A patterned coating of conductive film on one side of the glass panel and a full coating on the other are used in the unique Near Field Imaging or NFI Touchscreen technology.

The panel receives an excitation signal to create an electrostatic field. The electrostatic field changes when a finger makes touch, and this can be utilised to pinpoint the point of contact.

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