Introduction:
Thiamine also known as anti_beriberi factor or anti- neuritic vitamin.
It is a water soluble vitamin.
It involves in carbohydrate, amino acid , fat and alcohol metabolism
It has a specific coenyme called thiamine pyrophosphate ( TPP)
Sources :
Whole grains, pork, enriched cereal grains and legumes
Prevention of deficiency:
Improved milling of rice conserve thiamine
adequate intake during pregnancy and lactation
Avoid alcohol
Avoid excessive cooking of cereals and vegetables
Symptoms of deficiency
Deficiency of Thiamine causes beri beri
Two types of beriberi
Dry beriberi_ involves mainly nervous system. Symptoms are emaciation, aphonia, foot drop, wrist drop and general weakness
Wet beriberi_ involves CVS mainly. Symptoms include edema, dyspnea, orthopnea
Common early manifestations
Numbness of feet
Painful tender muscles
Paresthesia
In alcoholic patients causes Wernicke korsakoff syndrome
Vitamin B3 ( niacin)
Vitamin B3 occurs in two forms niacin and niacinamide
Deficiency of niacin causes pellagra. Symptoms include dry and scaly skin, indigestion, vomiting and depression
Inside the body tryptophan is converted into niacin
60 g of tryptophan = 1 mg of niacin
Vitamin B9 ( folic acid)
Folic acid helps in the formation of red blood cells and hence prevents anemia
Given during pregnancy to prevent birth defects like anencephaly and spina bifida
It helps in the formation of neural tube in fetus
Sources: chicken, peanut, mushroom and bell peppers
Deficiency causes anemia, congenital anomalies
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 also called methylcobalamin is a water soluble vitamin.
It is coabsorbed with intrinsic factor, a product of stomach parietal cells
Deficiency of vitamin B12 causes anemia, neurological dysfunction and soreness in the tongue.
Burning sensation in the lips, tongue and cheeks, cracks in the mouth corners and frequent mouth ulcers
Vitamin B6 also known as pyridoxine
It is a water soluble vitamin and pyridoxal phosphate is the active form
Deficiency of pyridoxine cause depression, vomiting and sores in the mouth
It is important for maintaining healthy brain function and formation of antibodies
Vitamin_B2
Also known as riboflavin
Source_ milk, green vegetables, liver and whole enriched grains
Deficiency causes itchy eyes, cracks at the corner of mouth and itchy skin
Vitamin c
Also known as ascorbic acid. It helps in the formation of collagen
Sources are alla, lemon, orange and guava
Deficiency of vitamin leads to bleeding
It helps in immunity boosting and wound healing
Function of vitamin c
Oxidation of tyrosine and phenylalanine
Preventing depolymerization of collagen
Synthesis of collagen, carnitine and hormones
Facilitates absorption of iron
