Electric Vehicles are commonly called as EV or Battery Electric Vehicles. It works on an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine which burns fossil fuels and gases mixed.
The advantage of EVs over fuel and engine-operated vehicles is they do not have moving parts, they don't contain spark plugs, clutch, and gears, it is less noisy, and it works on rechargeable batteries. An EV generally consists of an electric motor(mostly AC motors are used), an inverter, batteries, a drivetrain, and a charging point outlet.
There are various types of EVs namely fully electric and plug-in hybrids and plug-in electric. The main benefit of battery electric vehicles is that it is eco-friendly, reduce pollution, decrease global warming, have low maintenance cost, also electricity is cheaper than petrol.
EVs are charged at public charging stations available in some locations and in some foreign countries they also charge at their home location. The disadvantages of EVs are it takes much time to recharge, have a finite range of driving, there is no fixed park slot, and lack infrastructure for EV charging.
The roadside EVs comprise a large range of vehicles like two-wheelers, three-wheelers(like rickshaws), electric cars and buses, etc. The batteries used mostly are made up of 4 types lithium-ion, lead acid,nickel-cadmium, and nickel metal hydride.
EVs are the future of the auto industry in India. The Indian State/central government provides subsidies for the reduction of the cost of electric vehicles. In the present scenario, automaking company like Tata Motors is leading in electric vehicle segments. Around 88% of shares are owned by Tata Motors with their two EV models, Nexon EV and Tigor EV.
EVs in our country have been boosted by providing subsidy programs or schemes like FAME I and II, that has been introduced for the enhancement of e-charging infrastructure, it offers a subsidy worth 10,000 crores and reduces the Goods and Service Tax (GST). It needs to educate people and a clear approach regarding the safe and secure mass adoption of EVs.
Between the years 2021 to 2030, the EV market is expected to grow up to a rate of 49% CAGR (compound annual growth rate) and reach up to 15 million to 17 million units in terms of two-wheeler as reported by Indian Energy Storage Alliance (IESA).
Although it's very cost-effective as compared to ICE(Internal Combustion Engines) vehicle, it does have some limitations and needs to be advanced. It's seen in many states of India on the streets.
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