A drone is termed a UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) or Unmanned Aircraft System(UAS). The word ‘DRONE’ denotes Dynamic Remotely Operated Navigation Equipment. It is a type of aerial robot which is operated remotely without a pilot via mobile, or any remote devices. It is known as a remotely controlled flying vehicle. The drone comes under common domains like aerospace, robotics, and mechatronics.  DJI is one of the top leading companies in the world, in drone manufacturing in China. While Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd is the top leading company in drone manufacturing in India.UAV works on the principle of fluid dynamics and aerodynamics. The adequate amount of force to move the drone upward against gravitational force is termed lift. A drone can move upward and downward(throttle motion), rotate and bend to the left and right(roll and yaw motion), and forward and backward(pitch). The force created to move the drone in motion is called a thrust at the exact center of the drone. The drone is made up of light composite materials like plastic, aluminum alloy, carbon fiber-reinforced composites(CFRC), polystyrene, lithium-ion batteries, etc.

What does a Drone consist of?

The description of the above image of the drone consists of the following parts: 

1. The frames are one or more arms of a drone, depicting the shape of the drone.
2.  Rotors are blades or fans of drones along with frames, they are mostly made of thermoplastics. The faster the rotor spins greater the flight of the drone.
3.  Motors are used to drive drones, made up of copper windings and magnets that are conventional electric motors. 
4. Infrared cameras are used for taking thermal images from above, the cameras are used to detect other drones too. The main purpose of the camera is imaging, videography, and photography.
5.  The connectivity used in drones is wireless and includes a 4G network.
6. GPS(Global Positioning System) aims to help drones to know their location, direction, and navigation.
7.  The accelerometer and gyroscope are types of tilt sensors whose main purpose is for the stability of the drone, indicating the speed and direction.
8.  An altimeter is used for indicating the altitude and outside conditions such as air pressure. These sensors help drones land and fly in the air by indicating atmospheric conditions. 
9. The landing gear is mainly used for landing drones, for structural support, and for charging the batteries of drones by cables(wired) or wireless.

Types of Drone

The main types of drones are based on a single, number of rotors i.e multi-rotor or wings namely :

• Single rotor drone: It is like a small helicopter, that runs on gas or is electric-powered, it includes LiDAR in its system.
• Fixed-wing drone: It is either a single-rotor or multi-rotor drone. It is a large-sized drone, its working is similar to aircraft as a normal UAV. 
• Fixed wing hybrid VTOL: VTOL (Vertical Take-off landing)is one of the multi-rotor drones, it works according to its name, it takes off, land, lift, and balances in the vertical direction like a helicopter. 
• The other multi-rotor types of drones are mentioned below:

1. Tricopter containing 3 rotors which are ‘Y’ shaped aerial robots. 
2. Quadcopter resembles an ‘X’ shape which contains 4 rotors and is the most common, popularly used drone. 
3. Hexacopter contains 6 rotors and has higher lifts and flights. 
4. Octocopter contains 8 rotors. As hexacopter, they are used in commercial applications. The more the rotors, the more heightened the lifting capacity of the drone is. 

Applications of Drone

1. Some industrial and commercial applications of drones include industrial inspections, agriculture, promoting access to internet service, commercial aerial surveillance, motion picture filmmaking, sports, etc.
2. The quadcopter is used in areas such as aerial photography, search and rescue operations in remote areas, and areas that are inaccessible to humans that are easily chosen or aid can be provided in emergency-prone areas and can help to deliver food, and medicines to remote areas.
3. Military Application: The drones used are largely developed and are trained with thermal imaging, essential tools for airstrikes, and laser range finders, in armed attacks, lighting, military photography, etc. Predator drones are used for military purposes.

Conclusion 

Today's drones are advanced, intelligent, and costlier. Although it doesn't require any human assistance. It reduces the cost of fuel, power, and energy too. The future of this technology for civilians, commercial, security, and photography is far better than destructive applications. 

Thanks for reading. Do read, like, and comment on the blog.