In rail transport, a train (from Old French, from Latin trahere, "to pull, to pull" [1]) is a set of connected vehicles that travel along a track and transport people or goods. chemical. Trains are typically pulled or propelled by locomotives (often referred to simply as "engines"), although some may be self-propelled, such as multiple units. Passengers and goods are transported in railroad cars, also known as wagons. Trains are designed according to a certain gauge or distance between the tracks. Most trains run on steel rails with steel wheels, which have low friction so they are more efficient than other modes of transport.

In order from top to bottom:
An electric locomotive carrying a passenger train in Russia, a rack railway in Switzerland, diesel locomotive carrying a freight train in New Zealand , a monorail in Germany, a subway train in India, a steam locomotive restored in the United States
Trains were originally wagons, used rails and were either horse-powered or pulled by cables. After the invention of the steam locomotive in England in 1804, trains quickly spread around the world, allowing goods and passengers to travel over land faster and cheaper than ever before. Rapid transit and trams were first built in the late 1800s to transport large numbers of people in and around cities. Since the 1920s, and gaining momentum after World War II, electric and diesel locomotives have replaced steam as the means of towing. Following the growth of cars, trucks, and an extensive network of highways that provided greater mobility, as well as faster planes, trains lost importance and market share, and many railroads abandoned. Bus proliferation also caused the closure of many rapid transit and light rail systems during this time.

Since the 1970s, governments, environmentalists and train advocates have encouraged increased use of trains due to better fuel economy and lower greenhouse gas emissions than modes of road transport. High-speed rail, first built in the 1960s, proved to be competitive with cars and planes over short to medium distances. Commuter rail has gained popularity since the 1970s as an alternative to congested highways and as a way to spur development, much like light rail in the 21st century. Cargo trains remain important for the transport of bulk cargoes such as coal and grain, as well as as a means of reducing road traffic congestion caused by freight trucks.

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