“Function creates the structure”.

According to this phrase, human beings need an organ that purifies the blood and maintains equilibrium in the body. Thus, two bean-shaped organs i.e, kidneys are allotted for such duty. Along with this, a pair of the ureter, one urinary bladder, and a urethra is formed to transport, reserve, and excrete the wastage in the form of urine.

Each kidney has a million nephrons which are structural and functional units of this organ. They take in blood, metabolize nutrients and help in passing out waste products from the filtered blood. Together this system is known as the urinary or renal system.

CRUCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM:

1. Maintaining overall fluid balance.
2. Regulating and filtering minerals from blood.
3. Filtering waste materials from food, medications, and toxic substances.
4. Creating hormones that help in producing RBCs, promote bone health, and regulate BP.

Because of all these vital functions the kidneys perform and the toxins they encounter, the kidneys are susceptible to various problems. (mostly urinary tract infections - UTI).

Many patients are seen in the Outpatient ward as well as In-patient ward suffering from renal colic. In the past years, the prevalence of renal calculi has increased due to the more sedentary life of people and less water intake. Children who develop renal calculi usually tend to postpone their time of micturition as they are either indulged in other work or lazy to go to the wash room.

Renal colic is a severe pain anyone can experience, it usually starts from the lower back and may radiate to the groin region. It is unbearable that the patient can't perform any daily activities normally. Stones may develop in either bladder or kidney and also get stuck in either ureter or urethra. The pain is severe when the stone gets stuck and minimizes the flow of urine out of the body.

MANAGEMENT:

DIETARY ADVICE-

• Coconut water - contains substances that inhibit the initial mineral phase formation and also stimulates demineralization.
• Cornsilk tea - rich in tartrates, a good inhibitor of stone formation. It also acts as a diuretic.
• Water intake - it should be preferred up to 3-6 liters per day.
• Others - Barley, pineapple, bananas, almonds, lemons, carrots, horse grams, bitter gourd.

TREATMENT:

Cases with minute stones get recovered with the above dietary management, exercise, and lifestyle improvement.

Medications are enough for most of the cases but few need surgical intervention.

DO TAKE ADEQUTE WATER TO AVOID THE STONES .