Hello everyone, this is the continue version of last blog, Any work required the forces of wind, water and animals. The need for a power beyond these has long existed for mankind. It was James Watt who proved to the world that the power that mankind was looking for was steam. Before him, in 1698, Thomas Savery had patented a simple device for pumping water with steam. Thomas Newcomen, an Englishman, developed a slightly improved steam engine in 1712 by making some modifications to the device. But they were only powerful enough to pump water from a coal mine.

In 1764, James Watt had the opportunity to repair Thomas Newcomen's steam engine. It was then that he became interested in steam power. Coming to London after graduation, James Watt was trained for a year in a company that made scientific instruments. After returning to Scotland, he was given the responsibility of making machine tools at the University of Glasgow. Then the university asked him to repair the steam engine that Thomas Newcomen had built. James Watt realized that the device had many flaws. Especially wasted a lot of power.

James Watt made several important changes to the steam engine to allow his training in making scientific instruments and his natural imagination. In 1781 he developed and patented a mechanism with a wheel and a rotary mechanism for moving the piston up and down. These changes increased the power of the engine many times over. James Watt worked hard to bring about those changes. Since he was unhealthy from a young age, he often fell ill during that period. Unable to fully engage in work. However, he was not discouraged. He had little business acumen, but in 1775 he entered into partnership with an engineer named Matthew Bolton. For the next 25 years, Watt and Bolton built a variety of steam engines and made a fortune.

James Watt made several other inventions besides the steam engine. He invented a device called 'centrifugal governor' to control the speed of the engine and a pressure gauge called 'pressure age'. James Watt's invention of the steam engine was a great boon to mankind. Steam engines were developed to suit many industries. Until then the industrial world depended on the muscular strength of man and animals. After the arrival of James Watt's steam engine, everything from looms to manufacturing plants became mechanized. Production has multiplied. That is why history credits James Watt as the man who made the greatest contribution to the Industrial Revolution.

James Watt's innovation permeated many fields. In 1783, Marques de Zafra installed a steam engine on a boat and operated it. In 1804, Richard Trevithick invented a steam-powered railway carriage. Although both were initially unsuccessful, within a few years the steamboat and the steam train revolutionized sea and land transportation respectively. Steamboats conquered the ocean waves. Steam trains conquered landscapes. You may have heard of the measurement system called 'Horsepower'. It was James Watt who gave the world that scale. It is a way of comparing the work done by a machine to the power of a horse.