Anticoagulant are medications that help stop your blood from thickening or'clotting'. Your body does need to be able to clot to help seal wounds inside and outside your body.Anticoagulant are medicine that help prevent blood clots. They are given to people at a high risk of getting clots, to reduce their chance of developing serious condition such as strokes and heart attack. A blood clot is a seal created by the blood to stop bleeding from wounds. 

Anticoagulants

Parenteral anticoagulants

1)Indirect thrombin inhibitors

1.Heparin

2.low molecular weight heparins

3.Fondaparinux

4.Danaparoid

2)Direct thrimbin inhibitors

1.Lepirudin

2.Bivalirudin

3.Argatroban

Oral anticoagulants:

1)Coumarin derivatives

1.Dicumarol

2.Warfarin sodium

3.Aceno coumarol

4.Ethylbis coumactate

2)Oral direct thrombin inhibitor

Dabigatran etexilate

3)Indandione derivative

Phenindione

4)Direct factor xa inhibitor

Rivaroxaban

Heparin:

Heparin is another available anticoagulant. Heparin’s anticoagulant properties are the result of its ability to increase the rate at which antithrombin  inactivates several of the clotting factors. Heparin is a parenteral anticoagulant, meaning that it is not available orally. Instead, it requires subcutaneous injection  or intravenous infusion. 

The primary use of heparin is to prevent the formation or progression of Thermocol Heparin acts very soon after entering the body, so it is ideal for people who require rapid or short-term anticoagulation. 

Uses of anticoagulant:

• strokes – where a blood clot restricts the flow of blood to your brain, causing brain cells to die and possibly resulting in permanent brain damage or death
• transient ischaemic attacks – also called "mini-strokes", these have similar symptoms to a stroke, but the effects usually last less than 24 hours
• heart attacks – where a blood clot blocks a blood vessel supplying your heart, starving it of oxygen and causing chest pain and sometimes death
• deep vein thrombosis – where a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins in your body, usually your legs, causing pain and swelling
• pulmonary embolism – where a blood clot blocks one of the blood vessels around the lungs, stopping the supply of blood to your lungs

Anticoagulants are also sometimes used to treat blood clots, such as DVT or a pulmonary embolism, by stopping the clot getting bigger while your body slowly reabsorbs it.

How long you'll need to take anticoagulants for will depend on why they're needed. You might only need to take them for a short time after a hip or knee replacement, but treatment may be lifelong if you have a long-term condition that increases your risk of blood clots.

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