World Book and Copyright Day: 23 April

🔹 The World Book and Copyright Day (also known as ‘International Day of the Book’ and ‘World Book Day’), is an annual event organized on April 23 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to promote reading, publishing, and copyright.

🔹 The first World Book Day was celebrated on 23 April 1995.

🔹 April 23 is chosen because it marks the birth and death of several prominent authors. For instance, William Shakespeare, Miguel de Cervantes, and Josep Pla died on April 23 and Manuel Mejia Vallejo and Maurice Druon were born on April 23.

🔹 As a part of the Day, UNESCO selects the World Book Capital every year for a one-year period, effective 23 April each year.

🔹 The World Book Capital for 2021 is Tbilisi, Georgia.

🔳Copyright Act 1957🔳

➖ The Copyright Act 1957 (as amended by the Copyright Amendment Act 2012) governs the subject of copyright law in India.

➖ The Act is applicable from 21 January 1958.

➖ The history of copyright law in India can be traced back to its colonial era under the British Empire.[3] The Copyright ➖ Act 1957 was the first post-independence copyright legislation in India and the law has been amended six times since 1957.

➖ The most recent amendment was in the year 2012, through the Copyright (Amendment) Act 2012.

➖ India is a member of most of the important international conventions governing the area of copyright law, including the Berne Convention of 1886 (as modified at Paris in 1971), the Universal Copyright Convention of 1951, the Rome Convention of 1961 and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).

➖ Initially, India was not a member of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) but subsequently entered the treaty in 2013.

🔘Definition of copyright

Copyright is a bundle of rights given by the law to the creators of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works and the producers of cinematograph films and sound recordings.  The rights provided under Copyright law include the rights of reproduction of the work, communication of the work to the public, adaptation of the work and translation of the work. The scope and duration of protection provided under copyright law varies with the nature of the protected work.

Important for UPSC point of veiw 

🔰 अंतराष्ट्रीय सीमाएं 🔰

🔅रेखा का नाम – डूरंड रेखा (Durand Line)Between – पाकिस्तान तथा अफगानिस्तान

🔅रेखा का नाम – मैकमाहोन रेखा (Macmahon Line)Between – भारत तथा चीन

🔅रेखा का नाम – रेडक्लिफ रेखा (Radcliffe Line)Between – भारत तथा पाकिस्तान

🔅रेखा का नाम – 17 वीं समानांतर रेखा (17th Parallel)Between – उत्तरी वियतनाम तथा द. वियतनाम

🔅रेखा का नाम – 24 वीं समानांतर रेखा (24th Parallel)Between  – भारत तथा पाकिस्तान

🔅रेखा का नाम – 38 वीं समानांतर रेखा (38th Parallel)Between – उत्तर कोरिया तथा दक्षिण कोरिया

🔅रेखा का नाम – 49 वीं समानांतर रेखा (49th Parallel)Between – अमेरिका तथा कनाडा

🔅रेखा का नाम – हिंडनबर्ग रेखा (Hindenburg Line)Between– जर्मनी तथा पोलैंड

🔅रेखा का नाम – ओडरनास रेखा (Order-Neisse Line)Between – जर्मनी तथा पोलैंड

🔅 रेखा का नाम – मैगिनाट रेखा (Maginot Line)Between – जर्मनी तथा फ्रांस

🔅रेखा का नाम – सीजफ्राइड रेखा (Seigfrid Line)Between – जर्मनी तथा फ्रांस