Introduction 
Short message carrier is a mechanism of shipping of quick messages over the cellular networks. It is a shop and ahead manner of transmitting messages to and from mobiles. The message (textual content only) from the sending cellular is saved in a principal quick message center (SMS) which then forwards it to the vacation spot cellular. This method that withinside the case that the recipient isn't always available, the quick message is saved and may be despatched later. Each quick message may be now not than one hundred sixty characters. These characters may be textual content (alphanumeric) or binary Non-Text Short messages. An thrilling characteristic of SMS is go back receipts. This method that the sender, if wishes, can get a small message notifying if the quick message became introduced to the supposed recipient. Since SMS used signaling channel in preference to devoted channels, those messages may be despatched/obtained concurrently with the voice/information/fax carrier over a GSM community. SMS helps countrywide and worldwide roaming. This method that you may ship quick messages to another GSM cellular consumer across the world. With the PCS networks primarily based totally on all of the 3 technologies, GSM, CDMA and TDMA helping SMS, SMS is extra or much less a typical cellular information carrier. 
Note: The real restrict of length of SMS is one hundred sixty characters if Latin alphabets are used. If non-Latin alphabets like Chinese or Arabic are used, the restrict is 70 characters. 
How does SMS paintings 
The parent underneath indicates a normal organisation of community factors in a GSM community helping SMS. 
The SMC (Short Message Center) is the entity which does the process of shop and ahead of messages to and from the cellular station. The SME (Short Message Entity) which may be positioned withinside the constant community or a cellular station, gets and sends quick messages. 
The SMS GWMS (SMS g is a gateway MSC that also can obtain quick messages. The gateway MSC is a cellular community`s factor of touch with different networks. 
On receiving the quick message from the quick message center, GMSC makes use of the SS7 community to interrogate the present day role of the cellular station shape the HLR, the house place register. 
HLR is the primary database in a cellular community. It holds data of the subscription profile of the cellular and additionally approximately the routing data for the subscriber, i.e. the 
area (included with the aid of using a MSC) wherein the cellular is presently situated. The GMSC is hence capable of byskip at the message to an appropriate MSC. 
MSC (Mobile Switching Center) is the entity in a GSM community which does the process of switching connections among cellular stations or among cellular stations and the constant community. 
A VLR (Visitor Location Register) corresponds to every MSC and carries brief data approximately the cellular, data like cellular identity and the cell (or a collection of cells) wherein the cellular is presently situated. Using data shape the VLR the MSC is capable of transfer the data (quick message) to the corresponding BSS (Base Station System, BSC + BTSs), which transmits the quick message to the cellular. The BSS includes transceivers, which ship and obtain data over the air interface, to and from the cellular station. This data is handed over the signaling channels so the cellular can obtain messages even though a voice or information name goes on. 
Applications 
Some of the not unusualplace programs of SMS are: 
Exchanging small messages like "See you at 8.30 this night at xyz". SMS is specifically applicable for those sorts of quick messages due to the fact SMS is plenty less expensive than calling a person and giving the identical message. Calling a few one to provide the identical message might perpetually take extra time and for this reason extra cost. 
Many operators provide e mail carrier over SMS. Every consumer is assigned an e mail cope with at signup and any message introduced to that electronic mail is transformed to quick messages and introduced to the cellular. 
It is feasible to ship e mail messages (much less than one hundred sixty characters) from a cellular telecellsmartphone to any e mail cope with through SMS.