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Machu Picchu Historical Chronology
Archaeological evidence indicates that Urubamba and the adjacent valleys have been inhabited since 760 BC. Agriculture was practiced.
Between 1300 and 1500 AD, the Kingdom of Cusco developed into a city- state beginning with the reign of Manco Capac. The vilcabamba region may have come under Inca control during the expedition of the 9th Inca king Pachucutek in 1440. This is his one of the first stages of the territorial expansion of what would later become the Twanchinsuyo empire.
According to scholars, Machu Picchu was a royal residence built around 1450 for the Incan King Pachacutic. Some speculate that Inca cities were sac centers where the great political, religious, and economic minds of the Inca Empire gathered. Machu Picchu's population from his 300 to his 1000, consisted primarily of members of the Pachacuti lineage, the religious elite, and highly specialized artisans drawn from across the empire, called the yanacona.
The valleys in these regions have produced large agricultural surpluses. However, after Pachacutek's death, this place lost its importance. His successors built new structures such as Oraytambo which provided a lessor route to Machu Picchu.
During the civil war between Atahualpa and Huascar, the local population was annexed by Mitmas (workers from other parts of the empire.) After the war ended, they left the land and returned to their hometowns. During the colonial period, Mancoinca was exiled to vilcabamba and Machu his Pichu was abandoned. Over the years, Machu Picchu entered official memory.
In the late 1800s, explorers like Antonio Raimondi traversed the ruins without knowing where he was. August Berns founded a mining company in 1867 to develop the treasures of this place.
In 1911, Hiram Bingham was a history professor trying to find out where the last Incas of Vilcabamba were. Guided by a boy from Mandolpampa, Bingham came to the ruins. This was thought to be the site where the Incas were founded after they lost their territory. It was'nt until after his death in the 1950s that the real Vilcabamba was discovered on the west side of Machu Picchu's Citadel.
In 1983 Machu Picchu was declared a UNESCO world heritage site.
In 2012, 100 years after the scientific discovery of Machu Picchu, all the artifacts excavated by the Bingham team and shipped to yale university's peabody Museum were finally returned to Peru. These relics are now on display at Cusco's Casa Concha (Machu Picchu Museum).
Interesting Facts about Machu Picchu
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