Here are scientifically-backed ways to start coding from scratch:

### 1. **Set Clear Goals:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Goal-setting activates the brain's reward system, motivating sustained effort.
  - **Rationale:** Clearly defined coding goals, such as building a website or developing a simple app, provide a roadmap and foster a sense of achievement.

### 2. **Choose the Right Programming Language:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Research suggests that the choice of a first programming language can influence learning outcomes.
  - **Rationale:** Starting with a language like Python, known for readability and versatility, facilitates a smoother learning curve.

### 3. **Structured Learning Path:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Systematic learning enhances information retention and skill development.
  - **Rationale:** Follow structured learning paths provided by online platforms or coding bootcamps. Start with the basics like variables, loops, and functions before moving to more advanced topics.

### 4. **Active Problem-Solving:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Problem-solving engages the brain's cognitive functions, promoting deeper learning.
  - **Rationale:** Work on coding challenges and projects that require problem-solving. Platforms like LeetCode or HackerRank offer a plethora of coding problems to solve.

### 5. **Pair Programming or Collaborative Learning:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Social learning enhances motivation and understanding.
  - **Rationale:** Engage in pair programming or join coding communities. Collaborative learning provides opportunities for discussion, feedback, and shared problem-solving.

### 6. **Practice Regularly:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Regular practice supports skill retention and mastery.
  - **Rationale:** Code daily, even if it's for a short duration. Consistent practice builds muscle memory and reinforces learning.

### 7. **Build Real Projects:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Application-based learning deepens understanding and improves skill transfer.
  - **Rationale:** Work on real-world projects. Building something tangible enhances problem-solving skills and provides a sense of accomplishment.

### 8. **Receive and Give Feedback:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Feedback is crucial for learning and skill improvement.
  - **Rationale:** Seek feedback on your code from peers or online communities. Providing feedback to others also enhances your understanding and communication skills.

### 9. **Utilize Educational Platforms:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Interactive learning platforms enhance engagement and knowledge retention.
  - **Rationale:** Platforms like Codecademy, Coursera, or freeCodeCamp offer hands-on, interactive coding lessons.

### 10. **Mindful Learning:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Mindfulness enhances cognitive functions and focus.
  - **Rationale:** Be present and fully engaged while coding. Avoid multitasking, and take breaks to maintain cognitive efficiency.

### 11. **Celebrate Progress:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** Celebrating achievements triggers the release of dopamine, reinforcing positive behavior.
  - **Rationale:** Acknowledge and celebrate small victories. This positive reinforcement enhances motivation.

### 12. **Embrace a Growth Mindset:**
  - **Scientific Insight:** A growth mindset is associated with increased resilience and learning.
  - **Rationale:** View challenges as opportunities for growth. Embrace the idea that intelligence and skills can be developed through effort and perseverance.