Wireless power transmission means the transmission of energy wirelessly.
This idea not new and even not the idea of 20th century instead it is the idea of Nikola Tesla in 1891. Tesla had done many experimentation on wireless power transmission and demonstrated this technique in 1893 by constructing Wardenclyffe Tower also known as Tesla Tower.
The Wireless power transmission is different than the wireless information transmission because in wireless information transmission focuses only on recovering data even though wireless energy transmission is based on radio or microwave transmission technology it focuses on complete energy recovery.
Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, non-radiative and radiative.
1.Near Field Technology[Non Radiative]
In near field or non-radiative techniques, power is transferred by means of two ways that are through electric field and another one is magnetic field. The inductive coupling happens through electric field between the two coils and the capacitive coupling happens through the magnetic field between two electrodes.
INDUCTIVE COUPLING: Inductive coupling have two coils namely primary coil and secondary coil. The current from source which is passes through primary coil to secondary coil which induces current in secondary coil. Though the transmission and the distance is small hence the energy transmission is considered as a near field transmission.
Application: electric toothbrush, charging pad for cell phone
CAPACITIVE COUPLING: In capacitive coupling the set of electric dipoles active and passive electrodes on both transmitter side and also at receiver side leads to induce current at receiver side.
Application: Electric vehicle charging.
2. FAR FIELD TECHNOLOGY[RADIATIVE]
MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION: Solar power generator is going to setup in space hence it receives solar energy and converts it into microwave energy, the converted wave is going to transmit to earth at receiver station by there it passes to power grid by converting back to electrical energy. Here one of the device plays a major role in conversion technique that is called “rectenna” where the device is a combination of rectifier and antenna. The rectifier is needed in order to convert first the AC to DC then the antenna converts the DC to electromagnetic wave particularly microwave in this case.
The SPS is expected to realize around 2030.
Application- Solar Power Satellite
LASER POWER TRANSMISSION: The Light Power Transmission technology is based on the principle of Photoelectric effect. This technology is similar to microwave power transmission but here the energy is converted into light wave or laser hence this wave is transmitted to power the devices.
Application: Charging portable devices, powering drone aircraft, powering space elevator climbers.
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