Elections in India has played a very important role. The Election Commission of India was set up in January, 1950. Sukumar Sen was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India. The First General Election was held in 1952; Second in 1957 and Third in 1962.

Congress dominated in the First Three Elections. The Congress secured 364,371 and 361 seats in the first, second and third general election of Lok Sabha. 

Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru became the Prime Minister after the first general election. 

In 1957, The Communist Party formed the Government in Kerala. In 1959, the Congress Government at the Center dismissed the Communist Govt. in Kerala under Article 356 of the Constitution. Socialist party was formed in 1948.

Dr. B.R Ambedkar was the founder of Independence Labour Party and later established the Republican Party of India. The Communist Party of India won 16 seats in the first general election and emerged as the main opposition party. 

A total of 53 parties and 533 independents contested the 489 seats in the election.

Political Party 
A political party is a group of citizens who hold identical views on national problems and in an organised way try to capture the government machinery institutional mane in order to promote national interest.

Features of first three general elections:

1.Elections were held on the basis of Adult franchise

2.Election commission was established for smooth and for election 
 

There are 14 National parties and almost 52 regional parties
 

Reasons for the dominance of the congress party :
 

Indian National Congress is the oldest party in Asia. Congress party established in 1885 Congress Party played a very important role in freedom struggle. In fact, history of National movement is the history of the Congress Party Many leaders and thousands workers of the Congress party remained in jail few years

Palmer addressed congress party as 'Umbrella organisation' congress party was established in 1885. At the time of establishment of congress party, the pa circumstances of India were such that every sector of the society wanted to see India free. Therefore, when in 1885 congress party was established, every sector of the society its differences aside and gathered on the stage of congress. All the people from different
religions, castes, languages, regions and communities joined congress.

Under one party dominance system, only one party is supreme und party political system, while in one party system only one party is allowed to (example China) and there is no other Political Party. 
Indian National Congress dominated in the first three general elections. Following factors were mainly responsible for the dominance of the Congress party.

1. Indian National Congress is the oldest party in Asia. Congress party was established in 1885.Congress party played a very important role in freedom struggle. In fact, history of National movement is the history of the Congress party. Many leaders and thousand workers of the Congress party remained in jail few years. 
2.Congress party was the only party having proper organisation at the root level.
 

A dominant party system is one where a number of parties exist, but only one party dominates in operational politics. Other parties also operate but they do not matter much in functioning of government. The Indian party system was an example of dominant party system. Several political parties participate in elections in India but Congress dominated the scene at the centre as well as in states before March, 1977. The dominance

Indian Constitution came into effect on 26 January, 1950. Under the Indian Constitution democracy was established in India. The Election Commission of India was set up in January, 1950. Sukumar Sen was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India. The country's first general elections were held in 1952. The first general Election of 1952 is considered a landmark in the history of democracy in the whole world. 
After independence the Congress party dominated the political scene at the centre as well as in states before 1967. Congress secured 364, 371, 361 and 283 seats in the elections of 1952, 1957, 1962 and 1967 respectively. The dominance of the Congress was due to many reasons 1. The Congress party was established in 1885 and it played a very important role in national movement. In fact, the history of national movement is almost the history of the Congress party. 

The Congress party was led by such great personalities as Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. 

The Congress party was a well-organised party and no other political party has a well knit organization. Moreover, the Congress Party represents a mixture of almost all shades of opinion. It is, in fact a 'Grand Coalition'. It was rather the privileged party to harbour all sorts of political ideologies unde the garb of freedom struggle.

1. The first general election was a landmark in the history of democracy because there were more than 17 crores voters which was a record in itself in the whole world. 

2. The strength of Lok Sabha was 489 and about 3200 MLA's of all Legislative Assemblies of India. These members were to be directly elected by voters on the basis of Single Member Constituencies.

3. More than 3 Lac officers and polling staff were trained to conduct the first general elections.

4. The first general election was also the first big test of democracy in a poor and illiterate country. Before that elections were conducted in prosperous and literate countries of Europe and North America.

5. First general elections were conducted on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise whereas in many countries of Europe women were not enjoying right to vote. In India all adult women were given right to vote. Thus the first general elections of 1952 was a grand landmark in the history of democracy in the whole world. It was really great achievement
 

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