• Sleep disorders are classified
  • insomnia
  • sleep-disordered breathing
  • abnormal central nervous system fatigue
  • sleep-wake rhythm disturbances
  • sleep disturbances
  • special sleep disorders (parasomnia)
  • other sleep disorders and sleep disorders related to other diseases.
• Chronobiological disorders of the sleep-wake rhythm are 
  • delayed sleep period
  • premature sleep
  • insomnia associated with a prolonged  circadian rhythm
  • sleeplessness
  • insomnia associated with shift work and irregular working hours
  • non-organic sleep-wake rhythm disorder associated with irregular lifestyles.
• The diagnostic criteria for the various forms of insomnia

Development of insomnia

• The symptom of insomnia usually starts with a change in life situation to which it is natural to react with insomnia. Short-term or transient insomnia is usually symptomatic. As the brain's sleep-wake rhythm regulation systems prolong, the insomnia disorder may develop .
• Vigilance is a key regulator of the balance between sleep and wakefulness, and excessive alertness is a barrier to sleep. Vigilance is increased by excessive mental or physical activity in the late evening, intrusion of problems at night, anxiety, anxiety about sleep, and disruption of the sleep-wake rhythm. This creates a vicious circle in which trying to fall asleep only exacerbates the situation  .
• Further information on the meaning of sleep and theoretical models of insomnia is provided in the background material
• Temporary insomnia is part of normal life.
• If a person wakes up in the morning refreshed and experiences a good quality of life, it is not a degree of insomnia that necessarily requires treatment.
• Prolonged insomnia increases the risk of many illnesses and accidents, impairs functioning, and impairs quality of life.
• By recognizing newly started insomnia and good treatment, it is possible to prevent the development of long-term insomnia.
• The diagnosis of insomnia is based primarily on a careful medical history, clinical examination, and keeping a sleep diary.
• The primary treatment for temporary insomnia is drug-free treatment. Key issues include patient support, finding and addressing the underlying causes and triggers, and guidance for self-care in sleep.
• In the treatment of long-term insomnia, the best results are achieved by cognitive-behavioral methods.
• In long-term insomnia, the need for medication should be assessed individually.
• Sleeping pills prolong but also alleviate night sleep. Among other things, all benzodiazepines and similar drugs reduce the amount of deep sleep and REM sleep that are important to the body, and other significant side effects have been reported.
• The use of conventional sleeping pills (benzodiazepines and similar medicines) in the elderly may be more harmful than beneficial and should be used with caution. Monitoring of patient care is essential.
• The possible underlying conditions of insomnia should be treated appropriately.
• The current models of insomnia, insomnia associated with pregnancy, menopause, pain and sleep apnea, and the effect of sleeping pills on driving ability have been added to this update.