Introduction of Image Processing 

An image represents the number of pixels whose dimension is in the form of height(row) x width(column). The image has a distinct shade, opaqueness, or color which is made of the points on images called pixels. Some of the types and image representations are - grayscale, RGB, and RGBA. 

A fixed sequence of operations is performed at each pixel of an image with the help of image processing. Digital Image processing is a type of technique that deals with transforming digital images with the help of computer algorithms. It is the process of changing an image into a digital form and performing specific operations to regain useful data.

Digital images are depicted as 2D or 3D matrices by a computer system, each value of the matrix or pixel denotes the amplitude which is called the intensity of the pixel. Generally, 8-bit images are used, where the amplitude value ranges from 0 to 255. 

Steps of Image Processing

The above image illustrates the image processing steps:

1. Image Acquisition is the first step in image processing, in which the digital form of the image and processing is performed like scaling. This step involves image detection to create certain images such as real or real conditions and the internal arrangement of an object. Along with image acquisition, digitization, compression, and quantization are included in the imaging section of image processing. 
2. Image enhancement is the method of changing digital images to more results suitable for the display or numerous image studies. For example, it is used to identify an essential feature and sharpen or remove noise from images. 
3. Image restoration is a process of taking a noisy image and measuring an unused new image. It is mostly concerned with improving the appearance of an image. 
4. One of the most difficult steps of image processing is image segmentation. It deals with dividing an image into its individual objects or components. 
5. Feature selection/Feature extraction is a part and process of the reduction of dimensions. It begins from an initial set of measured data and constructs derived values (features) that are meant to be useful and non-redundant, enabling the next learning and conceptualization steps, and in certain situations, directing towards improved human understandings.
6. Image representation is the method of developing descriptions from the visible ranges of an image. Representation deals with the qualities and regional aspects of the image. 
7. The process of analyzing images and determining and assessing their relevance by taking into account their location and size is known as image interpretation. Over a period of time and with experience, one develops expertise in visual interpretation.

Applications and advancement in Image Processing:

Image processing has been progressing for many decades. Future advancement in this field mostly consists of satellite imaging and military applications in image processing. Other advancements in the image processing field are broadband devices and mobile technology that will lead to progress in the field of handheld gadgets. 

Digital image processing is an important preprocessing phase that is mainly used for image compression, face recognition, and object detection. Image processing has many applications like object detection, recognition, color processing, pattern recognition, etc.

Some of the prominent applications of image processing systems include smart farming, the gaming industry, the healthcare industry, social networks, the assembly process of car industries, medical data analysis, and many more. 

Conclusion: 

It has enhanced images for easier human interpretation. For machine interpretation purposes, the data can be extracted and processed. The pixel of any image can be transformed to any desired contrast and density. It is simple to keep and recover images, it also helps simple electronic image transmission to third-party suppliers. 

It has changed many technologies and is transforming industries related to robotics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer vision, etc. There has been vast development and assistance in areas like real - estate, marketing, entertainment, surveillance, etc. 

Lastly, the future of image processing will spread the framework for new technologies and also have a significant impact on company models and tech organizations. 

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