The water supply management infrastructure is overspread with many problems in our country. Smart sensors and devices are installed at different locations of the water system, which can improve the water management system more efficiently and safely for consumers and laborers for the same purpose, the internet of things (IoT) needs to be implemented. 

In some local areas, governments and municipalities have started using the sensor-based technology feature to run their processes more smartly. IoT allows data to be obtained and imported for immediate use and stored in a database for EAM(equipment asset management) or CMMS(Computerized maintenance management system). They are used for constant data gathering and monitoring systems in water treatment plants.

A few of the important applications associated with water management system optimization using IoT are as follows: 

• Water level regulators - IoT helps to improve and control the usage of water at different levels like residence, district, country, and worldly based on real-time supply and its need for information. It helps improve to management of the water reserve chain from the freshwater of the reservoir to wastewater which needs to be collected, purified, and recycled. By using software tools and systems for water production, consumption can be enhanced, and other smart water treatment methods can be executed. 
• Smart billing approach - Daily water consumption rate can be measured using smart meters and monitoring hubs. It can also observe the waste point, extreme usage, and correct usage of water, and can even estimate future consumption of water. One can get the correct idea of proper usage of water and budgeting objectives. 
•  Monitoring the quality of water - Smart devices and sensors are used for water monitoring systems in collecting and sending real-time data related to water quality, that helps to automate different processes in water supply infrastructure, water losses, and wastage,changes in temperature, pressure, and chemical and water leakage detection. 
• Sewer Line /Surface water drain Management - For this type of wastewater management system, ultrasonic sensors are mostly used. It is used mainly to detect debris/choke ends. Ultrasonic sensors are inexpensive, tiny in size, portable, easy to use, have immovable parts, and need lesser maintenance.
• Intelligent Water distribution - With the help of IoT and data solutions for asset administration, the companies keep the data related to measures like water pressure, temperature, flow, etc. So that it can be used to avoid equipment breakage and to combine predictive maintenance, which can improve the efficiency of water systems like treatment plants, water collectors and wastewater recycling centers, etc. 

Conclusion

In the present years, IoT has been used for water supply and wastewater management systems, which has made the physical world turn into a digital one. With the usage of IoT, the enhancement and elimination of water wastage can be done. It can also be used to calculate residual chemicals after treatment. Water treatment facilities are costly to maintain, by using IoT the working cost can be reduced, also reduces environmental pollution which help in avoiding water scarcity in near future. 

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