The Diwali competition is probably a fusion of harvest fairs in historic India. It is cited in Sanskrit texts which includes the Padma Purana and the Skanda Purana each of which have been finished withinside the 2nd 1/2 of of the first millennium CE. The diyas (lamps) are cited in Skanda Kishore Purana as symbolising components of the sun, describing it because the cosmic giver of mild and strength to all lifestyles and which seasonally transitions withinside the Hindu calendar month of Kartik.

King Harsha refers to Deepavali, withinside the seventh century Sanskrit play Nagananda, as Dīpapratipadotsava (dīpa = mild, pratipadā = first day, utsava = competition), in which lamps have been lit and newly engaged brides and grooms obtained gifts.Rajasekhara noted Deepavali as Dipamalika in his ninth century Kavyamimamsa, in which he mentions the subculture of houses being whitewashed and oil lamps adorned houses, streets and markets withinside the night.

Diwali turned into additionally defined through severa tourists from outdoor India. In his eleventh century memoir on India, the Persian tourist and historian Al Biruni wrote of Deepavali being celebrated through Hindus at the day of the New Moon withinside the month of Kartika.The Venetian service provider and tourist Niccolò de' Conti visited India withinside the early 15th-century and wrote in his memoir, "on any other of those fairs they restoration up inside their temples, and at the outdoor of the roofs, an innumerable quantity of oil lamps... that are saved burning day and night" and that the households might gather, "dress themselves in new garments", sing, dance and feast. The 16th-century Portuguese tourist Domingo Paes wrote of his go to to the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire, in which Dipavali turned into celebrated in October with homeowners illuminating their houses, and their temples, with lamps.It is cited withinside the Ramayana that Diwali turned into celebrated for best 2 years in Ayodhya..

Islamic historians of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire generation additionally cited Diwali and different Hindu fairs. A few, significantly the Mughal emperor Akbar, welcomed and took part withinside the festivities,while others banned such fairs as Diwali and Holi, as Aurangzeb did in 1665.

Publications from the British colonial generation additionally made point out of Diwali, which includes the be aware on Hindu fairs posted in 1799 through Sir William Jones, a philologist regarded for his early observations on Sanskrit and Indo-European languages.[68] In his paper on The Lunar Year of the Hindus, Jones, then primarily based totally in Bengal, cited 4 of the festival.

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