Diabetes Mellitus is also called sugar, diabetes occurs when blood glucose is too high. Blood glucose is the main source of energy and comes mainly from the food we eat. Diabetes occurs when the body is not able to make insulin like it should. Pancreas release insulin, a hormone that helps to move glucose from the blood into a cell that uses it for energy. Too much glucose stays in the blood, a condition usually called high blood sugar.

RISK FACTORS:- 

1) Family History

2) Obesity 

3) Lifestyle 

4) unhealthy 

5) Physical Activity 

6) High Blood pressure 

7) Poor nutrition during pregnancy 

Gestational diabetes 

is diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes can affect both mother and child. If you have gestational diabetes baby more likely to be obese and you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.

WHAT SHOULD A DIABETIC PERSON EAT 

diabetic patient may worry that having diabetes means going without their favourite food but you can still enjoy their favourite food but in small portion size and enjoy less often. During diabetes, low glycemic index food should be recommended.

Include 

Non-starchy foods 

( broccoli, carrots, tomatoes) and starchy foods ( potatoes, corn, peas).

Fruits

(oranges, apples, berries, melons, watermelon, grapes, banana, mango( in small portion)  and include all seasonal fruits in your diet).

Grains 

( wheat, rice, oats, barley and quinoa).

include complex carbohydrate in your diet.

Protein

 (chicken, lean meat, fish, egg, nuts and peanuts).

Dairy product

 (skimmed milk, yoghurt).

Food should be chosen wisely when you are diabetic.

The key to successful control and management of diabetes and patient education. It involves making the patient aware of his disease.

Knowledge about the disease its nature, symptoms and care

The diet a basic about the food values and individual diet plan as well as exchange list.

Hypoglycemic agent involves in the control and dietary management in relation to these agents.

Skin care and personal hygiene is important for good hygiene and circulation of blood.

Regular physical activity for diabetic should be encouraged and incorporated into his daily routine. 

Aerobic exercise such as jogging, swimming taking long walks, are recommended. Individual over 30 years age had diabetes for 10 years or more should have the physicians approval to begin an exercise program. 

The major benefits of exercise are cardiovascular conditions weight maintenance and lowering of lipid levels.

Supplements snacks containing carbohydrates may be taken before and during exercise to maintain blood glucose within the normal ranges.