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The female reproductive system's uterus and ovaries undergo a series of physiological adjustments during the menstrual cycle that enable conception. The ovaries cycle regulates the cyclical release of progesterone and oestrogen as well as the development and release of eggs. The uterine cycle controls how the lining of the uterus (womb), which will hold and embryo, is prepared and maintained. These cycles which are contemporaneous and synchronised, typically last adult women between 21 and 35 days, with 28 days serving as the median, and they endure for around 30 - 45 years.

The cycle are driven by naturally existing hormones; the periodic rise and fall of follicle stimulating hormone triggers the development and expansion of oocytes (immature egg cells). When oestrogen is present, the endometrium, which lines the uterus, is simulated to thicken in preparation for the possibility of fertilisation. A successfully implanted embryo receives nutrition from the blood supply of the thicker lining. In the absense of implantation, the lining disintegrates and blood leaks out. Menstruation, also known as a “period” in common usage, is the cyclical shedding of the lining and is brought on by declining progesterone levels. It is a sign that pregnancy has not yet taken place.

Based on ovarian or uterine events, each cycle is divided into phases (uterine cycle). The follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase make up the ovarian cycle; the menstrual proliferative, and secretory phases make up the uterine cycle. The first day of the period, which lasts for roughly five days, marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle. Usually, an egg is discharged from the ovary around day fourteen. Around the age of twelve is when menarche (the start of the first period) typically happens.

Some womens may suffer issues with thr menstrual cycle that interfere with their daily lives. These include premenstrual symptoms, fatigue, sensitive breasts, and cramps. 3 to 8% of women struggle with more serious issues such premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Hormonal birth control can alter the menstrual cycle.

What are the four menstrual cycle phases ?

Menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase are the four stages of menstrual cycle. Premenstrual syndrome and painful or heavy periods are common menstrual issues (PMS). The likelihood of pregnancy can be increased by understanding the time of the menstrual cycle when a woman is most likely to conceive.

What is the typical cycle of period days ?

Although each woman's menstrual cycle is different in duration, most women get periods every 28 days on average. Normal cycle range from 21 to 40 days, longer or shorter than this.

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