Diabetes, also known as Diabetes Mellitus…

A group of diseases that results in too much sugar in the blood [high blood glucose]. The human body requires glucose as a source of energy for all the cells in muscles, tissues, and the brain. At any time the level of sugar is controlled by “Insulin”, a hormone, the sugar level released by the pancreas. In people with diabetes, the secretion of insulin is low or cells become resistant to Insulin. There are types… 

TYPES :

Type1: Total lack of insulin. It is also called as Juvenile diabetes/Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus[IDDM].

It can develop at any age but occurs mostly in children and adolescents.

Type2: Lower quality of insulin & and insulin resistance.  It is also called as adolescent diabetes/Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus[NIDDM]. Type2 Diabetes is more common in adults and accounts for all 90% of all diabetes cases.

They can't make enough insulin or the body does not use insulin properly.

GESTATIONAL DIABETES: Diabetes acquired during pregnancy…

Any women with no diabetes develop high blood sugar during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth. It can occur at any stage of pregnancy. 

SYMPTOMS: 

• Unintentional weight loss
• Tiredness that does not go away
• Blurred eye vision
• The feeling of excessive thirst. It is called as Polydipsia[Psychological disturbance]
• Frequent urination[Polyuria]. Adults usually make 3 liters of urine per day. But with Polyuria, you could make about15 liters per day.
• In Women: Vaginal or oral yeast infections or vaginal thrust.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome[Menstrual irregularity, Excess hair growth, acne & obesity.
• Urine infection

RISK FACTORS: 

• Heart strokes
• Damage to nerves
• Damage to Kidney
• Damage to eye retina
• Skin infections like bacterial and fungal infections due to poor wound healing
• Hearing impairment
• Foot problems and so

DIAGNOSIS: 

• Signs and Symptoms
• Medical history
• Physical examination
• Tests:

1. A1C Test. The A1C test measures your average blood sugar level over the past 2 or 3 months
2. Fasting Blood Sugar Test
3. Glucose Tolerance Test
4. Random Blood Sugar Test
5. Glucose Screening Test
6. Glucose Tolerance Test
7. Gestational diabetes is detected by either Glucose Challenge Test or Oral Glucose Tolerance Test or both

                              The no. of people with diabetes in India has increased from 26 million in 1990 to 65 million in 2016. According to the 2019 National Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy survey report released by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the prevalence was found to be 11.8% in people over the age of 50.

DIABETES CANNOT BE CURED, INSTEAD CONTROLLED.

It can be controlled by our food habits. 

[BGR-34. A drug maintains a normal blood glucose level. This drug aims at controlling type2 diabetes]