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The British people came to India in the form of the East India Company which was granted by Queen Elizabeth.

In the wake of SEPOY MUTINY, the British crown assumed its direct governance of India. This rule continued until India was granted independence on Aug 15, 1947. 

       The Company Rule(1773 - 1858)

        The Crown Rule(1858 - 1947)

The Company Rule

These are the acts under Company Rule.

Let us go into detail regarding the acts.

REGULATING ACT 1773

     This act is the first step taken by the British company to control and regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India. 

It laid the foundation of the central administration in India.

Features.

   It designated the Governor of Bengal as the governor-general of Bengal and created an executive council of four members to assist him. 

The first such governor-general was Lord Warren Hastings.

It made Bombay and Madras subordinate presidencies. 

It provided for the establishment of the Supreme Court at Calcutta 1774 comprising one Chief Justice and three judges. 

It prohibited the servants of the company from in engaging any private trades or accepting bribes from natives.

It strengthened the control by requiring the court of the directors (the governing body of the company) to report its revenue, civil and military affairs in India. 

Amending Act 1781

     To rectify the defects of the Regulating Act, the British Parliament passed the Amending act. 

It is also known as the Act of Settlement.

Pitts India act 1784:

In this act dual government has been introduced.

Commercial affairs and political affairs have been separated. 

Commercial affairs were controlled by the court of directors and political affairs was been controlled by the Board of control.

The territory of India captured by the company is said to be a British possession. 

CHARTER ACT 1813

During this act trade monopoly of the company stopped except tea and trade with China. Trade was open for all the British merchants. 

All the territory captured by Company is asserted to be the British possession. 

Christian missionaries were allowed for the enlightenment of the people.

Western education was allowed. 

The local government can impose taxes on single persons.

Charter Act of 1833

It made the governor-general of Bengal the governor-general of India.

Lord William Bentinck is the first governor-general of India.

It deprived the governors of the subordinate provinces of Madras and Bombay. 

All the laws made under previous laws are called Regulations and laws made under this is called ACTs.

It ended the commercial body of the company and only a purely administrative body is retained. 

Introduced the open competition for the selection of civil servants. 

CHARTER ACT OF 1853:

For the first time, legislative and executive functions are separated in this act. Six new members were added to the legislative council.

Out of six members, four members are from local governments of Bombay, Madras, Bengal and Agra.

Open competition exam for the selection of civil servants was introduced through the Maclauy committee. 

Administration of the East India Company got extended without any specific period so that the British crown can revoke it any time.

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