Substances that provides nutrients for the body are called Food. The constituents of the food which are essential for the body are called nutrients. The nutrients that provides energy is carbohydrates. The proteins are the nutrients that helps in growth. The nutrients that provides energy is fats .  The vitamins are the nutrients that helps in physiological activities.  The nutrients that regulates the physiological activities is known as minerals. 

     The water that transports food and regulates the body temperature. A food that contains all the nutrients in the right proportion is a balanced diet. 

DEFICIENCY DISEASES 

     Diseases caused due to deficiency of nutrients in the food are called Deficiency Diseases. The various deficiency diseases. 

VARIOUS DEFICIENCY DISEASES 

NUTRIENT-    DEFICIENCY

Protein -            Kwashiorkar,

                             Marasmus 

Vitamin ‘B’-   Beri-Beri

Vitamin ‘C’- Scurvy 

Vitamin ‘D’- Rickets 

Calcium-        Disintegration of 

                           bones and teeth 

Iodine -           Goitre 

 Iron  -               Anaemia A          Nutrition is a process that involves stages like ingestion, digestion , absorption and assimilation of food by living organisms. Autotrophic nutrition is a mode of nutrients in which an organisms prepares it's own food. Heterotrophic nutrients is a mode of nutrient in which an organism depends on other organisms for food as they cannot prepare their own food. -    Photosynthesis is the process of preparation of starch by the plants with the help of sunlight,carbon-di-oxide, water,  and chlorophyll. Saprophytic nutrition is mode of nutrition in which an organism decomposes the dead plant and animal substances and converts them into simple molecules and absorbs them through its body wall.  Ectoparasities is the organisms found attached to the outer surface of the body of other living organisms to get nourishment from them.  Endoparasites is the organisms that live inside the body of other living organisms and derive food from them.  The plants which trap insects and assimilative them to get nitrogen from them are called insectivorous plants. Animals which feed only on plants is known as Herbivorous animals. Animals which feed on others animals is known as Carnivorous animals.   Animals  which feed on both plants and animals is known as Omnivorous animals. 

I. THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES WILL LEAD US TO HAVE A HEALTHY AND LOND LIFE 

    1.Including more vegetables and fruits in diet. 

    2.Walking up early in the morning. 

     3.Playing games like cricket, football and swimming. 

II. SHOULD WE WASH THE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BEFORE CUTTING THEM OR AFTER CUTTING THEM? 

    We should wash the fruits and vegetables before cutting. 

Reason : 1.It prevents the loss of nutrients from the fruits and vegetables. 

                  2.It prevents the person from getting affected by pesticides, fertilizers and fungicides found in the skin of fruits and vegetables. 

Conclusion : We should understand that ‘Right food habits ’ will help to maintain ideal body weight.