DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

PROCESS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

         Larger particles of food transfers as Bolus .Then It Immerse into HCl as ( Renine, pepsine ) .Chyme secretes Bile juice, pancreatic juice, Intestinal juice ( Trypsin, chymotrypsin). Then it Absorbs through Microvilli ( Nutrients except lipids) .Solid material excrete through large intestine as stool.

FUNCTIONS: 

1. Stomach - 1.5 kg ( Food will take ). It secretes HCl.It contain Oxyntic cells.
2. Liver- Bile production.
3. Gall bladder- Bile juice.
4. Pancreas- Trypsin and chymotrypsin.
5. Small intestine - Absorption of nutrients.
6. Large intestine - Excretory solid material.
7. Bile juice- secrets 500ml/day.It shows yellow colour to the faecal.
8. Microvilli- is a small like projector. It absorbs nutrients from small intestine and send Nutrients to bloodstream to all cells.
9. Lacteal glands- contain only lipids.
10. Chyme- pass a food from stomach to small intestine.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: 

1. Appenditis - Occur by bacteria.
2. Tooth decay.
3. Ulcer.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM:

ORGANS : Kidney, Ureters, Urinary bladder,Urethra.

FUNCTIONS: 

1.Urinary bladder-250ml capacity.

2.Excretion of Nitrogen waste materials from Body - Ammonia, Urea, Uric acid and Creatinine.

3. Filtering of blood through Glomerular filtration.

4.Nephron- 1.3 million of cell's present in each kidney.

5.It has Adrenal gland on their Apex.

6. Urine excrete 1.5 litre per day- Acidic, Aromatic.

7.Kidney- Bean shape, Reddish brown,150g in men,135g in women.It has Outer cortex (convex) and Inner medulla (concave).

8.Glomerulus - Outer surface of kidney.

9.Loop of Henle and collecting duct- inner surface (medulla).

10.Efferent - filtering of blood (pure blood).

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM: 

1.Pilitis - infection in pelvis.

2.Anurea- absence of urine.

3.Polyurea.

4.Glomerular Nephritis- Inflammation on Glomerulus.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: 

PROCESS:

              External nostril ,nasal cavity,Internal cavity,Pharynx,  laryx,Trachea, Bronchi,  Bronchioles,Alveoli and capillaries.

FUNCTIONS: 

1.It  is an essential physiological activity of all living things.

2.Gaseous exchanges between organs (cell organisms) and environment.

3.It provide energy for the organisms through oxidation process of food materials.

4.It utilise oxygen and Given out of carbon dioxide.

5. Right lung has three lobe.

6.Left lung has two lobe.

7. TWO TYPES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: 

       a) INTERNAL RESPIRATION:                 It's also called Cellular respiration.It exchange between blood and cells.

      b) EXTERNAL RESPIRATION: 

             It's also called Breathing.it carried out by lungs.It has two types: a) Inspiration b) Expiration.

8.Lung have 5-6 litre of capacity.

9.Inhalation: Pure blood passes from Alveoli as oxygen to capillary .

10.Exhalation: It carry deoxygenated blood from heart to Alveoli .

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

1.Pneumonia -   It is caused by pneumococcus bacteria.

2.Tuberculosis-  It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

3.Bronchitis- Inflammation of Bronchioles.

4.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

5.Asthma.

                    Thank you…!