The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia.

This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi),of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. 

This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories.

The majority of South America's Amazon basin is covered by the moist broadleaf tropical rainforest known as the Amazon rainforest.

Brazil has 60% of the world's forest, with Peru and Colombia coming in second and third, respectively, and smaller shares in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

Amazonas" is the name of a first-level administrative region in four countries, and the protected rainforest area of French Guiana is known as "Guiana Amazonian Park" in France. 

With an estimated 390 billion individual trees in over 16,000 species, the Amazon is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world. 

It accounts for over half of Earth's remaining rainforests.

The Amazon is home to almost 30 million people from 350 distinct ethnic groups.

It is organized into 3,344 officially recognized indigenous areas and nine distinct national governmental systems. 

History of Amazon forest:

Archaeological evidence from an excavation at Caverna da Pedra Pintada suggests that the Amazon region was populated by humans at least 11,200 years ago.

By AD 1250, late-prehistoric communities had been established along the forest's perimeter due to subsequent development, which had changed the forest's canopy.

 It was long believed that the Amazon jungle could never support more than a small population because of the unsuitable soil for large-scale agriculture. 

This theory was widely supported by archaeologist Betty Meggers, as she writes in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise. 

The greatest population density she said could be maintained in the area is 0.2 people per square kilometer (0.52/sq mi).

Francisco de Orellana was the first European in 1542 to traverse the entire length of the Amazon River.

Evidence from the BBC's Unnatural Histories suggests that Orellana was accurate—rather than overstating the case, as was previously believed—when he noted that a sophisticated civilization was thriving along the Amazon in the 1540s.

The Amazon Basin's pre-Columbian agriculture was sufficiently developed to sustain affluent, densely populated societies.

It is thought that viruses like smallpox that originated in Europe later destroyed civilization.

Early in the 20th century, British explorer Percy Fawcett conducted research on this civilization.

His missions yielded conflicting results, and on his final journey, he vanished without explanation.

He dubbed this extinct civilization the City of Z.

There have been conflicts and battles in the Amazonas between the Jivaro tribe's surrounding tribes. 

The Shuar were one of the Jivaroan group's tribes that engaged in headhunting for trophies and headshrinking.

Missionaries who worked in the borderlands between Venezuela and Brazil described the Yanomami tribes' ongoing internal strife. 

On average, combat claimed the lives of more than one-third of Yanomamo males.

The Munduruku were a warlike tribe that dreaded other tribes as they spread down the Tapajós river and its tributaries.

Brazil pacified and subdued the Munduruku around the beginning of the 1800s.

It is estimated that 40,000 native Amazonians perished from diseases brought by immigrants, such as typhus and malaria, during the Amazon rubber boom.

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