Our bodies are designed to benefit from the sun. Sunlight helps regulate our sleep patterns, allowing us to stay awake during the day and sleep well at night. Additionally, sunlight helps our skin produce vitamin D, which is vital for maintaining healthy bones. However, excessive exposure to sunlight can also cause damage.

It is commonly known that the sun emits ultraviolet radiation (UVA and UVB). These rays can inflict significant harm to the skin. The outer layer of the skin contains melanin, a pigment that shields our skin from the sun's ultraviolet rays. Without this protection, the skin can get burnt, lose its elasticity, and lead to premature aging.

 Excessive and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage our skin barrier and is the primary reason for skin cancer development. Therefore, skin cancer should not be underestimated. Other health issues related to exposure to the sun include premature aging, skin damage, cataracts, and other eye-related diseases.

As we all know, protecting our skin from the sun is crucial, and one of the most effective ways to do that is by using sunscreen. But how does sunscreen actually protect us? Well, sunscreen consists of different ingredients that work together to safeguard our skin against UV rays by reducing the amount of radiation absorbed by the skin. These ingredients can be broadly classified into two groups:

1. Chemical sunscreens: They act like a sponge that absorbs the sun's rays. Some of the common ingredients found in chemical sunscreens include avobenzone, oxybenzone, and octisalate.

2. Physical sunscreens: They act like a shield that reflects the sun's rays. Some popular ingredients found in physical sunscreens are zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

To ensure that sunscreen works effectively, it's essential to apply it correctly. Here are some tips:

1. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects you from both UVA and UVB rays.
2. Apply sunscreen at least 30 minutes before going outside, so that your skin gets enough time to absorb it and provide proper protection.
3. Make sure to use enough sunscreen; the general rule of thumb is to use three fingers' worth of sunscreen.
4. Don't forget to apply sunscreen on your lips, ears, and scalp if they are exposed.
5. Reapply sunscreen every two hours and after sweating, even if you are wearing water-resistant sunscreen.

Apart from using sunscreen, there are several other ways to protect yourself from harmful UV rays, such as:

1. Staying in the shade, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM.
2. Wearing brimmed hats and sun-protective clothing.
3. Using an umbrella when outside.
4. Wear sunglasses that block both UVA and UVB rays to protect your eyes.

By following these simple yet effective tips, you can enjoy the outdoors without worrying about the harmful effects of the sun on your skin.