Reproduction is the production of young
ones like parents. Reproduction is an cssential
process as it leads to continuation of species as
well as to maintain the continuity of life. Each
organism has its Own particular method of
reproduction. All these methods generally fall
into two categories
i. Asexual reproduction
ii. Sexual reproduction.

 Asexual Reproduction:
Asexual reproduction does not involve
fusion of two compatible gametes or sex cells.
It is the process resulting in the production of
genetically identical progeny from a single
organism and inherits the genes of the parent.
Such morphologically and genetically identical
individuals are called clones.
Organisms
choose to reproduce asexually by different
modes or ways:
i. Fragmentation: Multicellular organisms
can break into fragments due to one or
the other reasons. e.g. Spirogyra. These
fragments grow into new individuals.

Budding: It is the most common method
of asexual reproduction in unicellular
Yeast. Usually it takes place during
favourable conditions by producing one
or more outgrowths (buds). These buds on
seperation develop into new individual
Spore formation : In Chlamydomonas
asexual reproduction occurs by tlagellated,
motilezoospores
independently into new individuals
which can grow. 

Other methods of asexual reproduction
Binary fission which occurs in
include
Amocba, Paramoecium; Conidia formation
in Penicillium and Gemmules formation in Sponges.

Vegetative Reproduction
Plants reproduce asexually through their
vegetative parts. Hence, the new plants formed
are genetically identical to their parents
There are also few methods which would
not occur naturally in the plants. Agriculture
and horticulture exploit vegetative reproduction
order to multiply fresh stocks of plants.
Artificial methods are used to propagate desired
varieties according to human requirements.
The various methods are as follows:
a. Cutting:
The small piece of any vegetative part
of a plant having one or more buds is used
for propagation viz. Stem cutting
Bougainvillea; leaf cutting - e.g. Sansvieria;
e.g. Rose,
root cutting e.g. Blackberry.
b. Grafting:
Here parts of two plants are joined in
such a way that they grow as one plant. In
this method, part of the stem containing more
than one bud (Scion) is joined onto a rooted
plant called stock, is called grafting. Whereas
budding is also called bud grafting in which
only one bud is joined on the stock, e.g. Apple,
Pear, Rose, etc.

The cupacy to reproduce by vegetative
prupaguton
Root Sweet potato, AsparagAS, Darliaa
Leaf- Brophrilan, Kdackoe, Begonia
ete.
Stem-rhizome (tumeric), tubers (potato),
bulbs (onion), etc.
How does vegetative propagation occur
in nature