The number of people on earth is increasing day by day. Considering the time of life on earth, human presence was not long ago. With intelligence and craftsmanship unmatched by any other living creature, mankind dominated the earth in numbers and interaction. Population growth today is rapid. At the beginning of 19th century, the world population was 160 crores.

In 1930 it became two hundred crores.500 crores on July t,1987 after 57 years. Today it has crossed 700 crores. When the half of the twenty first century ends, the total number of people in the world will reach one thousand crores. According to the increase in population, human needs will also increase. These demands will create problems for each country according to their unique potitical and social environmental characteristics.

Population growth in India will hamper the sustainable growth of our economy. A situation where resources are not available in proportion to the number of people will lead the country to economic and social problems. If food production does not grow in line with population growth,it will lead to food shortages. Deprivation of basic living facilities for a large number of people and the problems created by urbanization are the scourges of overpopulation in India.

Kaneshumari population census is the process of collecting information about all the people of a country at a particular time and analysing them together. In Malayalam, the word Kaneshumari, adopted from the Persian language, is used instead of census. The word orginates from a combination of the words khanem (house) and shovareh (counting). The study of population is known as demography. Behind the word demos are two Greek words meaning people, graphy-drawing and writing. Population census and scientific studies based on it help to understand the availability of human resources of a country and intervene in the planning process.

Demography is the in-depth study of population, educational level and social status and the factors that influence them. Countries can use the facts obtained through population analysis to utilise human resources. Population analysis will also help in ways to involve this population in the future development of nation.

Population of India according to the last census (2011)in the country, the population is 121 crores. Today it is believed to have increased by seven crores to 128 crores. If the current rate of population growth continues, it will take three decades for the population to reach two hundred crores. The population increased by 14 crores in 1981 and by 16 crores in 1991 compared to the previous Census. In 2001 it is increased to 18 crores and in 2011 to 20 crores.

If it increases in this way, it will be 144 crores in 2021,168 crores in 2031 and 196 crores in 2041. We know that the geographical area of the country doesn't increase in proportion to the population. India occupies only 2.42 percent of the world's total land area. Eighteen percent of the world's population resides here. The problem created by population growth are numerous. Population control is the only solution. This will improve the quality of life in the country. Ending marriage before the marriageable age, increasing the interval between child births, raising the social status of women by giving importance to education, the the concept of small family is a happy family,and proper implementation of population education are helpful means of population control.

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