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INTRODUCTION:

Microbiology is a study of living organism that cannot be seen through naked eye.These are small in such a way that they can be seen only with the aid of a microscope.Such organism are called microbes.Microbes are also called germs when they causes disease.

FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISM:

The living organisms are diverse in their morphology and organization.However,they are classified broadly into five kingdom.R.H.Whittaker,in 1969,proposed the five kingdom classification which is now followed commonly.The classification of living organism is as follows:

KINGDOM MONERA:Includesall prokaryotes like bacteria,archae bacteria and cyanobacteria.Theyare all single celled organism.

KINGDOM PROTISTA:Includes single celled eularyotes.They are aquatic in habits.The example includes all protozoans.

KINGDOM FUNGI/MYCOTA:Comprises all the fungi.The fungi are eukaryotes and multicellular.They have a network of hyphae which form the mycelium.The fungi are mostly saprophytes.Some are parasites.

KINGDOM PLANTAE/METAPHYTA:Include all the plants.The plants are characterized by the presence of chlorophyll pigment and have a cell wall made up of cellulose.They are eukaryotes and multi cellular.

KINGDOM  ANIMALIA/METAZOA:Comprises all the animals.They are eukaryotes and multi cellular.They lack cell wall.

TYPES OF MICROBES:Microbes are diverse in nature.thay include both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.The bacteria belong to prokaryote.The fungi and protozoans are eukaryotes.Viruses are considered to be acellular as they lack cell organelles.The parasitic helminths which are eukaryotes and belongs to animal kingdom are also included in microbiology,as their infectious and diagnostic stages are microscopic.Prions are small infectious protien molecules which are also studied under microbiology.

VIRUSE:They are very small acellular infectious particles made up of nucleic acid and a protien coat.As they lack the cell organelles,they cannot multiply without the help of a host cell.Thus,they are obligate intrecellular pathogens.They infect a host cell and with help of the host cells protien machinery they multiply and produce their progeny.They are smaller than bacteria and cannot be seen under light microscope.The viruses are seen through electron microscope.

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